DIALYSIS

Dialysis is a medical treatment that performs the function of the kidneys when they are not able to adequately filter waste and excess fluids from the blood. This treatment is essential for individuals with kidney failure, either due to acute conditions or chronic kidney disease. There are two main types of dialysis:

  • Hemodialysis:
    • Procedure: Blood is drawn from the body and passed through a machine called a dialyzer, which filters out waste products and excess fluids. The cleaned blood is then returned to the body.
    • Frequency: Typically performed three times a week, with each session lasting around 3 to 5 hours.
    • Access: Requires a surgical procedure to create an access point, such as an arteriovenous (AV) fistula, graft, or central venous catheter.
  • Peritoneal Dialysis:
    • Procedure: A special fluid is introduced into the abdominal cavity through a catheter. The peritoneum (a membrane lining the abdominal cavity) acts as a filter to remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood. After a dwell time, the fluid is drained and replaced with fresh fluid.
    • Types: There are two main types:
      • Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD): Performed manually several times a day.
      • Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD): Uses a machine to perform the exchanges automatically, usually during the night.
    • Access: Involves placing a catheter into the abdomen through a minor surgical procedure.

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